First Ever in Kuwait, Successful Application of CO2 Foam Acid Fracturing Enables Paradigm Shift in Stimulation Strategy of Kuwait Jurassic Depleted Reservoirs

The first ever CO2 foam fracturing new technology in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) history was executed flawlessly in late 2021. Three treatments were executed. Co2 Foam Fracturing proved its significant added value of improving productivity in deep depleted tight carbonate Jurassic reservoirs, enhance flow back, reduce water consumption and carbon emission, and enable early production plus improving operation efficiency and cost saving. The stimulation operation has proven to be a huge success for all multidisciplinary teams involved as preliminary results showed over 50-70% production increase compared to offset wells. The main challenges of acid fracturing stimulation in depleted reservoirs are the need for extended formation cleanup to flow back the injected fluids via prolonging Nitrogen lift that add higher operational costs and intervention operations. Therefore, energetic high foam efficiency frac fluid becomes essential to assist flowback and retrieve pumped frac fluids from reservoir. To tackle these challenges, Carbon Dioxide CO2 is pumped in liquid phase as energetic fluid together with normal frac fluids. Due to CO2 liquid nature, high foam efficiency can be reached (40 – 50%) at much lower friction losses. So, it enables achieving pumping frac at high rates and high foam efficiency. The main benefits of CO2 Foam frac are better fracture cleanup due to expansion of the stored compressed gas in the liquid CO2, fluid loss control that is provided by foam, minimized fracture conductivity damage, and the increase in hydrostatic pressure while pumping that translates to lower surface pressures during injection. The selected pilot well is in depleted deep tight carbonate reservoir area of North Kuwait Jurassic gas fields. The executed acid fracturing operation required close planning starting from Q1-2021. Many challenges faced from logistical issues, lack of infrastructure and CO2 resources for the multi-faceted operation due to COVID-19 pandemic limitations. These challenges were tackled ahead with the integration of technical and operations teams to bridge the knowledge gap and to enable executing the operation safely. The pilot well's net incremental production gain is estimated at 50-70% compared to offset wells, with improved flowback and formation cleanup with less well intervention. The resulting time and cost savings as well as the incremental well productivity and better operation efficiency confirmed high perspectives for the implemented foam acid fracturing approach. Another two CO2 Foam acid fracturing wells were executed with good results too. This paper will demonstrate the value of CO2 foam fracturing in depleted reservoir and KOC experience post first application and its plans to expand CO2 Foam Fracturing application across KOC different fields. © Society of Petroleum Engineers - HFTC 2023. All rights reserved.

Game-Based e-Tourism-e-Health Using SQL

AR games such as Pokemon Go, Jurassic World Alive and other games encourage us to venture out in the real open world to also see the beauty of it. However, tourism has come almost to a virtual stop during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery is slow. We present a tile-based experience-sharing PixoMap, which incorporates some aspects of smart tourism. For user requirements gathering, we first compare factors that make popular games such as Pokemon Go, Minecraft, and the Sims popular. Findings indicate that people enjoy collecting objects, such as monsters or cards, freedom and creativity, escape and sometimes nostalgia. Our PixoMap game allows players to virtually browse an area in the map, and choose a tile. Each tile contains memories (Memors)/experiences/stories. Users can read others’ experiences and share their own experiences, play a minigame to earn in-game currency, to change his/her 2D avatar or change the tile’s color or optionally, to own the tile. Alpha user feedback confirms and refines our design. Heuristic evaluation and user experience feedback at the end of the study, are positive and encouraging. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Tobacco Control—Lighter Side: 30th Anniversary Cartoons

Correspondence to Stan Shatenstein, Deputy News Editor, Tobacco Control, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;shatensteins@sympatico.ca For the past 30 years, Tobacco Control (TC) has been one of few leading scientific journals to include editorial cartoons in its pages. Tobacco Industry and Tobacco Control Smoking and the Movies Long before Jurassic Park IV could be imagined, smoking had made a notable comeback in films like Avatar, where growing tobacco would have been near impossible or an extraordinary waste of precious agricultural land, and in the original Jurassic Park, Samuel L Jackson recalls that director Steven Spielberg gave him ‘the worst-tasting fake cigarettes ever’, knowing that Jackson had quit smoking and did not want to suffer a relapse in real life. Lawsuits In 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously upheld British Columbia’s Tobacco Damages and Health Care Costs Recovery Act, making it possible for the province to continue to seek redress from the tobacco industry.

Paradigm Shift from Cemented Completions to Multi-Stage Completion Strategy for Managing Tight Gas Development Challenges

The development of North Kuwait Jurassic gas assets has strategic importance for Kuwait's production strategy as the only non-associated gas-producing field in Kuwait. This paper demonstrates the benefits, challenges and lessons learned of the recent paradigm shift in Jurassic tight gas wells' completion strategy from cemented liner to multi-stage completion. Successful expansion of Multi-Stage Completion (MSC) technology is achieved at the field level led by the integrated team efforts in 2020/21, despite challenging constraints of COVID-19. MSC's help to enhance overall well production potential, overcome reservoir and intervention operation challenges, and allow early production delivery, which is a key factor to achieve a strategic asset production target of 70-80% by 2024/25. Many technical and logistic challenges were experienced during first installations of which the relevant learnings will be shared in this paper. The Jurassic gas asset produces mainly from deep high pressure and temperature, conventional and unconventional tight carbonate reservoirs. The recovery from such complex heterogeneous reservoirs is extremely challenging if conventional development strategies are applied. Therefore, a dedicated full development plan applying integrated upstream and downstream technologies is important to achieve the strategic production target. Due to the excessive Jurassic carbonate reservoir tightness, permeability contrast and dual permeability effect (matrix and natural fractures), well productivity potential significantly depends on the effectiveness of subsequent stimulation treatments of such complex heterogeneous reservoirs to improve well productivity and potentially connect with natural fractures. Selecting proper well completion design is critical to overcome such reservoir challenges and ensure effective acid stimulation treatments for the mix of conventional and unconventional formations that need convenient diversion mechanism during stimulation to enhance the productivity of each individual reservoir flow unit and enable selective future flexibility of re-stimulation and reservoir management. The asset team has recently applied a step change in completion strategy to open hole multi-stage ball drop completions using state of the art MSC technologies including closeable frac sleeves, full 3.5-in monobore ID post frac sleeves milling and debris sub enclosure to protect the MSC string during casing tie-back operations. This is to overcome reservoir complexity, eliminate wellbore cleaning and decrease the challenges and risks that accompany multiple perforation intervention operations. As well as, eliminate cement quality risks and uncertainties, improve overall cost, and fast track well delivery to production to meet asset production targets by significantly reducing operation time from approximately one month for plug and perf techniques to less than one week when using continuous and less subsurface intervention operations. Recently, a total of 13 new MSC installations and subsequent multi-stage stimulations were achieved in seven months, fromQ3-2020 to Q1-2021, with positive overall production results, significant improvement of intervention operation efficiency and faster well delivery to production. This paper will describe the details of progress to date, and the plan forward for optimization and new technology trials to further improve well performance. © Copyright 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers